Micropropagation is a rapid clonal in vitro propagation of plants from cells, tissues or organs cultured aseptically on defined media contained in cultural vessels maintained under controlled conditions of temperature and light. Robotics can be used in micropropagation for preparation of media, cutting of micro shoots and placing them back in media. Automation in plant tissue culture reduces the contamination and also the operation time but disadvantage is correction ability of machine (Srinivas et al., 2016). In vitro propagation of apple M-9 rootstock, using forced shoot tip as explants has given 4-fold increase in shoot multiplication rate with growth regulators as MS+ BAP 1.11 µm + IBA 0.49 µm + Kn 1.16 µm (Dalal et al., 2005). Micrografting has been used for the production of virus and viroid-free plants in horticultural crops. In Apple (Malus domestica) micrografting of cv. Lal Ambri on M-9 rootstock has given 42.25 % success (Khalid Mushtaq, 2009). Micropropagation studies of Almond, Multiple shoot formation was found to be maximum on MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.40 mg/l) and NAA (0.01 mg/l) both in case of Merced and Shalimar cultivars (Mir, 2004). (Dalal 1990) reported that in vitro propagation of Grapes, brownig of the medium can be reduced by using half strength MS medium. Micropropagation studies of sweet cherry genotypes Mazzard (rootstock) and Bigarreau Noir Grossa (commercial cultivar), has shown maximum rooting in microshoots (36.15%) with maximum number of roots/shoot (9.58) with IBA (2.5 mg/l). Among the two genotypes, Mazzard proved superior to Bigarreau Noir Grossa (Peer et al., 2012). Micropropagation has potential to produce disease free, true to type plants on large number, independent on season and year-round production of plants is possible through tissue culture. Cost of micropropagation plants is very high because of labour cost, which can be reduced by automation and using large culture vessels for culturing of plants. There should be need of optimization of media constituents and factors influencing growth of cultures as well as growth of in vitro derived plantlets in field. Standardization of efficient in vitro regeneration system through explant from even mature tree is a prerequisite.
Plant Tissue Culture and Micropropagation Techniques in Fruit Crops
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References
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