Seed spices like Brassica juncea (mustard), Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), and Cuminum cyminum (cumin) are crucial agricultural crops extensively grown in dry and semi-dry areas, especially in India. These crops are appreciated not only for culinary applications but also for their essential oils, oleoresins, and health benefits. Nevertheless, yields are limited by low genetic variation and vulnerability to numerous biotic factors (like pests and diseases) and abiotic factors (such as drought, high salinity, and extreme temperatures). The goals of breeding in seed spices are centered on augmenting yield, improving quality traits including aroma and oil percentage, and enhancing resistance to various stressors. A combination of traditional and contemporary breeding methods, such as selection, hybridization, and molecular techniques, is being applied to create improved varieties. Merging these methods is crucial for attaining sustainable production, boosting resilience, and satisfying the rising global demand for seed spices.
Breeding Objectives and Breeding for Yield, Quality, Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistance in Seed Spices (Coriander, Cumin, Fennel, Fenugreek, and Mustard)
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